Monuments were raised to him across the Soviet Union and streets renamed in his honor. The triumph of the Soviet space program in putting the first man into space was a great blow to the United States, which had scheduled its first space flight for May Moreover, Gagarin had orbited Earth, a feat that eluded the U.
Titov made 17 orbits and spent more than 25 hours in space. To Soviet propagandists, the Soviet conquest of space was evidence of the supremacy of communism over capitalism. However, to those who worked on the Vostok program and earlier on Sputnik which launched the first satellite into space in , the successes were attributable chiefly to the brilliance of one man: Sergei Pavlovich Korolev. Born in the Ukraine in , Korolev was part of a scientific team that launched the first Soviet liquid-fueled rocket in Convicted of treason and sabotage, Korolev was sentenced to 10 years in a labor camp.
The Soviet authorities came to fear German rocket advances, however, and after only a year Korolev was put in charge of a prison design bureau and ordered to continue his rocketry work. In , Korolev was sent to Germany to learn about the V-2 rocket, which had been used to devastating effect by the Nazis against the British.
By employing this technology and his own considerable engineering talents, by Korolev had built a rocket that could carry a five-ton nuclear warhead and in launched the first intercontinental ballistic missile. It was the first Soviet victory of the space race, and Korolev, still technically a prisoner, was officially rehabilitated.
Korolev died in Upon his death, his identity was finally revealed to the world, and he was awarded a burial in the Kremlin wall as a hero of the Soviet Union. Yuri Gagarin was killed in a routine jet-aircraft test flight in His ashes were also placed in the Kremlin wall. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! The Soviet Union had already sent the first artificial satellite, called Sputnik , into space in October Before Gagarin's mission, the Soviets sent a test flight into space using a prototype of the Vostok spacecraft.
During this flight, they sent a life-size dummy called Ivan Ivanovich and a dog named Zvezdochka into space. After the test flight, the Soviet's considered the vessel fit to take a human into space. The third of four children, Yuri Alekseyevich Gagarin was born on March 9, , in a small village a hundred miles from Moscow. As a teenager, Gagarin witnessed a Russian Yak fighter plane make an emergency landing near his home.
When offered a chance years later to join a flying club, he eagerly accepted, making his first solo flight in Only a few years later, he submitted his request to be considered as a cosmonaut.
More than Russian Air Force fighter pilots were selected as cosmonaut candidates. Such pilots were considered optimal because they had exposure to the forces of acceleration and the ejection process, as well as experience with high-stress situations. Gagarin, a year-old senior lieutenant at the time, was among the pilots selected.
On April 12, , at a. Moscow time, the Vostok 1 spacecraft blasted off from the Soviets' launch site. Because no one was certain how weightlessness would affect a pilot, the spherical capsule had little in the way of onboard controls; the work was done either automatically or from the ground.
If an emergency arose , Gagarin was supposed to receive an override code that would allow him to take manual control, but Sergei Korolev, chief designer of the Soviet space program, disregarded protocol and gave the code to the pilot prior to the flight.
Over the course of minutes, Vostok 1 traveled around the Earth once, reaching a maximum height of miles kilometers. The spacecraft carried 10 days' worth of provisions in case the engines failed and Gagarin was required to wait for the orbit to naturally decay.
But the supplies were unnecessary. They decided to eject the cosmonaut from his craft. Yuri Gagarin ejected at 20, feet and landed safely on Earth. Soviet engineers had not discussed this shortcoming with Soviet delegates to the FAI prior to his flight. They prepared their documents for the FAI omitting this fact. This led everyone to believe that Gagarin had landed inside his spacecraft. It was not until four months later, when German Titov became the second human to orbit the Earth and the first person to spend a full day in space, when the controversy began to brew.
Titov owned up to ejecting himself. The conclusion of the delegates was to rework the parameters of human spaceflight to recognize that the great technological accomplishment of spaceflight was the launch, orbiting and safe return of the human, not the manner in which he or she landed. Even after Soviet-made models of the Vostok spacecraft made it clear that the craft had no braking capability, the FAI created the Gagarin Medal that it awards annually to greatest aviation or space achievement of that year.
The underwater dolphin kick in freestyle swimming and the introduction of the clap skate in speed skating both caused initial international flaps. After the respective sports federations voted to accept these changes, that ended the controversy. Yes, Gagarin did not follow the rules that the FAI established before his flight.
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